They are also the best surviving specimens of medieval painting. Illuminated manuscripts are the most common type of artifact to survive from the middle ages. Most medieval manuscripts, illuminated or not, were written on parchment (most commonly calf, sheep,or goat skin) or vellum (calf skin).īeginning in the late middle ages manuscripts began to be produced on paper. A very few illuminated manuscript fragments survive on papyrus. Most illuminated manuscripts were created as codices, although many illuminated manuscripts were rolls or single sheets. However, especially from 13th century onward, an increasing number of secular texts were illuminated. The majority of these manuscripts are of a religious nature. The vast majority of surviving manuscripts are from the Middle Ages, although many illuminated manuscripts survive from the 15th century Renaissance, along with a very limited number from late antiquity. However, in both common usage and modern scholarship, the term is now used to refer to any decorated manuscript. This term comes from the Latin word for lit up.
Some manuscripts were made even more precious by illumination. In the strictest definition of the term, an illuminated manuscript only refers to manuscripts decorated with gold or silver. Medieval books were therefore expensive items. National Library of Israel, JerusalemĪn illuminmanuscript is a manuscript in which the text is supplemented by the addition of decoration or illustration, such as decorated initials, borders and miniatures. Illuminated manuscript on parchment of the Pentateuch, in Hebrew.
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